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14 ISCAR CLASSIFICATION OF MILLING CUTTERSClassification of Milling CuttersMilling cutters can be classified in different ways based on the following attributes:1- Milling method: Slab mills, face mills, and endmills are examples of milling tools that are intended for milling by different methods.2- Type of machined surface: Plane, shoulder, 3D surface are typical surfaces to be milled. 3- Main usage: Face mills, cylindrical endmills, slot mills, profile mills, thread mills, chamfer mills, form gear mills, and corner rounding mills serve distinct purposes, while high feed mills, high-speed mills, and trochoidal mills have specific applications.4- Direction of rotation: Milling cutters can be classified as righthand (RH) or left-hand (LH).5- Machining type: General-duty, rough, and finish mills address different machining needs.6- Cutting part profile: Cylindrical, tapered, toroidal, ball nose, circlesegment, back draft, and disc shapes are common cutting part profiles.7- Design concept: Milling cutters can be solid or assembled. Assembled tools feature a tool body carrying a cutting part formed by elements mounted on the body, such as inserts with indexable cutting edges.8- Material of cutting part: High-speed steel (HSS), cemented carbides, polycrystalline diamond (PCD), and ceramics are commonly used materials for the cutting part.9- Mounting method: Arbor-type shell mills have a central bore for mounting on an arbor, while shank-type mills have a shank for clamping in a holder.10- Adjustability: Milling cutters can be adjustable, with an adjustable cutting part, or non-adjustable without such capability.11- Destination: Milling cutters can be standard or customized based on specific requirements.Figures 13 and 14 provide examples of milling cutters with their description and appropriate attributes.Historical Notes: The Milling Cutter of Eli WhitneyThere is no consensus on who exactly invented the milling cutter. However, many give credit to Eli Whitney, an American inventor and manufacturer, who made significant contributions to the concept of interchangeable parts. This concept marked an early sign of mass production. In the late 18th century, Eli Whitney designed an innovative multiblade rotary tool, resembling an iron wheel with cutting teeth on its periphery %u2013 a precursor to modern milling cutters.